The past few months have produced some rather notable monetary activity. For myriad reasons, the money pumping of the not-so-USFed during the period of 2009-2019 produced nominally higher price inflation, but not anywhere near the increases in prices that should have occurred. Our operating theory as the 2008 crisis was ending was that the newly unveiled ‘quantitative easing’ nay relentless money printing, would push up both consumer prices and the nominal prices of various asset classes as well. In essence, the ‘fed’ would replace the burst US residential housing market bubble with yet another bubble.
The central bank of the US, followed by other G7 central banks, embarked not just on money printing, but money channeling as well. The blowout preventers, if you will, for this excess were primarily the US Bond Market and the US stock market as well. Bond yields were artificially low during much of this period, thanks to the fed monetizing USGovt debt. Nominal yields were a joke. Real yields were far into the red. The US consumetariat didn’t notice this because, as always, credit was easily obtained. The consumer just dove deeper and deeper in debt. This was not a US-centric phenomenon. The European Union behaved in much the same manner, but the EU blew up a massive residential housing bubble as well, particularly England. Technically, England is no longer in the EU, but for practical purposes, this distinction is negligible.
What many people (investors in particular) forget is that there are always cycles. These cycles can rather easily be altered by extraneous actions of central banks, governments, and even consumers. However, the more distorted or prolonged the boom is, the bust is all the more pronounced. Think of Newton’s Laws and apply them to monetary policy and economics.
With the proverbial spring fully compressed by the massive deficit spending commencing in 2020, the not-so-USFed poured literally trillions in fresh dollars into the USEconomy, monetizing massive amounts of government debt to finance social spending. Since the US consumer, as a whole, has negligible savings, when economies were shutdown, the government became the primary support structure at levels never before seen. The ‘channeling’ of the 2009-19 period went out the window and the fresh dollars were poured directly into the consumer economy. We all know what happened next. Prices head for the stratosphere.
We noticed something curious start at the end of Q1 2023, however. The US M2 monetary aggregate began to contract – for the first time in.. well, forever basically. Was this a one-off month or the beginning of a new trend. We’ve seen a few months’ worth of data now and it would appear that there is something of a trend brewing. Deflation. Not falling prices, but an actual contraction of the money supply. It is interesting to note that during this stretch, US stock indexes, particularly the DJIA have forged towards all-time highs. What gives? Housing prices have taken a hit, which, in ordinary circumstances, would be a good thing – from an affordability perspective at least, but the reason housing prices are cooling is simply because the cost of mortgages has been pushed out of the reach of many by mortgage rates that are still hovering around 7%.
Our thesis – for now at least – is that the not-so-USFed is once again channeling money, but not in the same way it was during the 2009-19 period. It appears – and we admit it is very early to say for sure – that the consumer economy has, in the aggregate, been cut off from new money. The financial economy has not. However, the net effect is the contraction of the US M2 aggregate.
Interestingly enough, the last data pointed to a reversal, which complicates the situation a bit. The reversal could end up being a one-off event, or it could be a true reversal in the trend. Further study on prior deflationary periods is in order. In any case, the top to bottom action in the aggregate as shown above does explain the slowing of the rate of price inflation. Remember, inflation is a monetary event that manifests itself in prices. While the mainstream financial press claims otherwise in their headlines, the whole of their reporting proves they know the truth and choose to obfuscate, which is typical.
Since monetary data has a significant lag associated with it, we will not be able to ascertain until likely the end of 2023 or Q1 2024 if this is definitely the case or not. There should be anecdotal indications between now and then and we will certainly keep the readers of this blog appropriately informed.
Webster’s defines complacency as “1.satisfaction or contentment 2. smug self-satisfaction” There is probably not a better word to describe the current state of perception with regard to economic and financial malady. I had an interesting conversation the other night about exactly this topic and the individual I was speaking with had an overriding belief that we cannot suffer economically simply because the current generation is not prepared to deal with it. While I certainly agree with the latter assertion, the former continues to baffle me. I am certainly not prepared to deal with a lengthy hospital stay as the result of a horrific car crash, but that alone doesn’t cloak me in immunity from having an accident. The reasoning is so broken and flawed, yet it is often all we get in terms of a perception of what is going on.
This disconnect begets a discussion of why exactly it is that society has chosen to believe itself to be immune from bad things. It is odd in itself that when you talk to individuals, they seem to be acutely aware of many of the challenges facing us, but when you put all the individuals together and create a society, we act as though the party will indeed last forever. We are certainly dealing with a situation in which the intelligence of the whole is by far less than the sum of all its parts. Here’s a little bit of déjà vu for you, compliments of Wikipedia:
“In the 1920s, Americans consumers and businesses relied on cheap credit, the former to purchase consumer goods such as automobiles and furniture and the later for capital investment to increase production. This fueled strong short-term growth but created consumer and commercial debt. People and businesses who were deeply in debt when price deflation occurred or demand for their product decreased often risked default. Many drastically cut current spending to keep up time payments, thus lowering demand for new products. Businesses began to fail as construction work and factory orders plunged.”
Sound familiar anyone? See any price deflation going on? The Wilshire 5000 has only lost about 2.5 TRILLION dollars in value in the last two months or so. What about the loss in home equity? Another trillion or two? Who knows, but I think you get the point. We are seeing almost to the final utterance the same play we saw unfold in 1929. Were those folks any more prepared for the Great Depression than we are today? I’d argue that while they were perhaps a bit better equipped to provide for their own sustenance, that American society in the 1920’s was as complacent as we are today. When the realization of history’s coup de grace hits, we will be caught as unaware as our ancestors were back in 1929.
Here are some other examples of what Alan Greenspan likes to call ‘irrational exuberance’ in the 1920’s:
“We will not have any more crashes in our time.”
John Maynard Keynes in 1927 (The authenticity of this one is a little suspect) DOW ~ 175
“There will be no interruption of our permanent prosperity.”
Myron E. Forbes, President, Pierce Arrow Motor Car Co., January 12, 1928 – DOW ~ 200
“There may be a recession in stock prices, but not anything in the nature of a crash.” – Irving Fisher, leading U.S. economist, New York Times, Sept. 5, 1929 – DOW ~ 375
“All safe deposit boxes in banks or financial institutions have been sealed… and may only be opened in the presence of an agent of the I.R.S.” – President F.D. Roosevelt, 1933 – DOW ~ 65
Tuesday morning we received news that according to the Institute of Supply Management, the service portion of our economy underwent a significant contraction during the month of December. This is alarming given the fact that December is normally one of the busiest times of the year. Even still, a trip past the local mall provides a busy scene. People are streaming in and out, carrying boxes and bags of imported trinkets to their imported cars. They will then use imported gasoline to drive to their home, the mortgage of which is likely to be owned by a foreign investor. Yet the average American citizen sees nothing wrong with this picture. Or could it be that they don’t even see the picture at all? The media has certainly been playing the role of absentee informant in recent years, choosing to focus on such insipid topics as Britney Spears’ latest rehab stint rather than the important business at hand.
Here now, are some quotes from this generation’s 1929..in 2007 and 2008:
“It is encouraging that inflation expectations appear to be contained,” Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke – Testimony to Congress – March 28 th , 2007 – DOW ~ 12,500, Headline CPI-U ~ 2.8% Y/Y
“As I think you know, I believe very strongly that a strong dollar is in our nation’s interest, and I’m a big believer in currencies being set in a competitive, open marketplace,” – Henry Paulson – Secretary of the Treasury – USDX ~ 81.50
““We are making history. What has passed the Congress in record time is a gift to the middle class and those who aspire to it in our country.” House Speaker Nancy Pelosi on the $168 Billion tax ‘rebate’ while the middle class is spending their Wal-Mart Christmas gift cards on food and other necessities.
They’re making history all right. Too bad it will end up being the WRONG kind. How can we ever hope to focus the population on the urgency of our current predicament when our leaders are willing to make it worse by handing our freebies, bailing out those who willingly make poor investment choices and telling us everything can be ‘free’ if we’ll only pull their lever on election day?
Or am I putting the cart in front of the horse? Perhaps a contrarian opinion might be that our leaders are giving the public exactly what it wants. In either case, I am quite certain that our state of unpreparedness will not constitute a free pass from the negative effects of a recession or a retraction of any of the financial excesses we’ve enjoyed over the past few decades.
Addendum – June 2023
Most people today don’t even remember Hank Paulson – or his ridiculous statements regarding the US Dollar. If a strong dollar was truly in our national interest, then we have no national interest left thanks to those fine, unaccountable feathered friends at the not-so-USFed. Poor Hank was like a financial piñata – no matter how many hits he took for this grossly erroneous statement, he kept right on spilling out candy.
15 years later and only the names have changed. The vocabulary-challenged Paulson is long gone, replaced by less than erudite Janet Yellen. Evidently one of the requirements of a Treasury Secretary or a not-so-USFed Chairman is to be able to speak for an hour and say absolutely nothing. Jay Powell is definitely at a disadvantage; he actually tries to explain things.
Economics isn’t rocket science. Or anywhere close. It’s a rather simple topic to understand. It is made complex by institutions who benefit when the population is clueless. When it comes to obfuscation, most policymakers get a AAA – ironically the same grade assigned to those worthless MBS back in the heydays of 2005-2007.
One of the biggest problems with a lack of transparency is that, especially during times of panic, fear spreads like a contagion. This past week saw multiple banks get into ‘trouble’. This ‘trouble’ was diagnosed by looking at share prices instead of actually looking for the real symptoms.
Sadly, there is so little transparency in the Great Financial Crisis – rebooted – that it has become extremely difficult to figure out who has the most exposure, so the entire financial sector is getting creamed. A look at regional banking stocks produces a serious case of deja vu. The charts are almost identical. Does this mean that every single regional bank is overexposed? Not likely. Today we’ll discuss the actual cause of the recent troubles and forget about stock prices, charts, and the mainstream financial press for a while.
Bank Failures
As mentioned above, the entire commercial banking sector has been hammered from a market capitalization point of view. However, we have to point out strenuously that (especially now) stock prices do NOT necessarily reflect the health of banks. From a fundamental standpoint, every money center bank is already upside down, by definition. The same goes for the regionals as well. Why? Because they’re all leveraged. They’ve borrowed insane multiples against their Tier 1 capital. Again. This is what triggered the 2008 crash. Their bond portfolios were killed by the not-so-USFed’s interest rate hikes. Given that commercial banks own the fed – yes they do – it’s a curious situation. This bit of Kabuki Theater is likely going to end in the US going to a central bank digital currency (CBDC). FedNow, and other pilots have already been run.
Furthering the mess, several mainstream media outlets are now spreading the ‘news’ that the US may suspend cash withdrawals from banks. Of course when people read this there will be some kind of a mad dash to the banks to withdraw cash, therefore causing the cessation of withdrawals.
A bit of background on the money supply is in order. Most of the US Dollar supply is already digital. Not in the sense of a CDBC, but these dollars don’t exist in the form of cash. They make rounds through the economy, never being withdrawn. Roughly $800 billion is in cash and coin. The total money supply is no longer supplied by ‘official’ sources, but it can be reconstructed and it’s north of $25 trillion. Our point is that only a very small portion exists in cash. Bank deposits shrank by nearly a trillion dollars just in March. There is still plenty of cash available, so where did it go? We know precious metals dealers are getting hammered with orders. Where else did it go? Cryptocurrencies got some of it. Most of the dollars that moved out of bank deposits were digital. Thanks to the two month window in getting actual numbers we won’t have a clear picture until later this month or early June.
Points to Ponder
Be careful going into weekends. Even a cursory look back at the 2008 crisis demonstrates that most of the carnage happens on weekends for the simple reason that it gives the FDIC, etc. the weekend to clean the mess up before the markets open Monday. Midweek failures are extremely rare. That said, keep a close eye on any securities you may hold. We will not give specific advice here, other than to exercise caution, especially on Friday afternoons.
Don’t run the banks. If we (and many others) are correct, it will make matters worse and honestly, if we go to a CBDC that cash will likely be worthless. At minimum it’ll be recalled if you want to exchange it for the new token.
Deleverage. Now. Get out of debt if you can. We realize that this economy with roaring inflation has put so many marginal income households into the red. If you’re fortunate enough to have the resources to get out from under, do so. The money supply charts over the past 2 months have shown a modest deflationary (not a typo) trend. This is what put farms into foreclosure during the Depression. There wasn’t enough money for debt service. We could start seeing that here fairly soon if the trend continues. Again, we’re running two months in arrears on the data as mentioned above.
Leverage is what got the banks in trouble and it will do the same to individuals.
-Not sure the words of our fabulous ‘leaders’ are resonating. I’ve had several calls today from people I know asking about this whole situation. Some of them are business owners wondering about the safety of their operating accounts. It’s very hard for them to keep these in cash. I did recommend switching to credit unions wherever possible. This should have been done 15 years ago, but better late than never.
-Stock prices and health of a bank are NOT directly related. Banks will cannibalize each other and what I’m seeing on several of these medium to smaller banks is a pretty overt effort to drive the share prices down – probably so they can be bought out by the bigs at a steep discount. Short positions are way up. I’ll bet more than a few of these make the Reg SHO lists this week for failures to deliver (naked shorting – yes it still goes on).
-The promise of a full backstop by the not-so-USFed and treasury is telling. Yellen, in particular, should be skewered. You can’t bailout anyone vis a vis the government without using taxpayer dollars. It’s that simple. I’ve gotten a couple of emails as well from My Two Cents readers who claim that the coupons they were issued last week are still in force – in other words, there’s NO backstop and they might get something when everything is wound down. I’ve asked for documentation and will post it to the group if/when I get it.
-If the not-so-USFed does the bailing out, then it’ll be inflationary. They’re double talking as usual, trying to have it both ways. Can’t be a dove and a hawk on inflation at the same time. I’d say they’ll sacrifice the dollar further to save their precious financial system – that nobody needs anyway.
-Beware of bail-ins. It’s legal now – since 2013. Credit unions will be safer than commercial banks. Again, that recommendation is at least 10 years old. Credit unions are not allowed to get into the stinkpot of derivatives and they’re not allowed to run broker/dealer operations either. Not saying they’re immune, but as fast as safety goes, I’d give commercial banks a 1/10 and credit unions a 6 or 7 for the reasons stated above. However, if we end up with a CBDC out of this, then credit unions won’t offer any protection at all.
-Direct registration of securities (stocks only) is advisable. Direct registration takes the shares out of ‘street name’ and your ownership is registered through the stock issuer’s transfer agent rather than your broker. This is a MUST, but it’s for individual stocks. Some mutual funds offer partial protection in this regard, but only if you bought your mutual fund units direct through the fund issuer. If you got it through a brokerage, this doesn’t apply. If there are questions on direct registration, please let me know. I have an article from 2013 that runs through the pros/cons and process. It’s not hard to do. DRS does not apply to ETFs, closed-end funds, and mutual funds purchased through a brokerage. If you own stocks through a brokerage, you can DRS them easily, however.
Opinion – ignore the politicization of this. Stick to the events. Most of the financial system is outside the purview of our politicians – at least on a day to day basis. This isn’t Biden’s mess or Trump’s mess. It’s the not-so-USFed’s mess. They’re supposed to be stewards of the financial system even though it falls outside their dual mandate of price stability and maximum employment. But remember, the chartered banks own the not-so-USFed, NOT the other way around. Talk about a recipe for malfeasance.
Neel Kashkari is hardly a household name. We’d speculate that most people wouldn’t recognize it. Neel was the Goldman Sachs alum who was hand-picked by Hank “A Strong Dollar is in the National Interest” Paulson back in 2008 to handle the disbursement of the TARP bailout money. That’s the $750 billion bailout that was initially shot down by the House, but eventually passed a few days later after Paulson did some rather heavy handed and unapologetic arm-twisting.
We’re going to link up a couple of videos throughout as sort of a walk down memory lane. 2008 was, after all, a dozen years ago already.
Ok, so what? What does this have to do with Neel? Well, after the bailout was passed, an odd thing happened. Instead of being used to buy troubled assets, the money went right to the banks. Kashkari was grilled by then Rep. Dennis Kucinich about his activities. Kashkari had already mastered the thousand-yard stare while being grilled which immediately caught our attention. He’d been trained for this.
After the brewing scandal was snuffed out by further epic plunges in global financial indices, Kashkari was quietly taken off the scene and ran like a refugee to a cabin in the woods of Northern California. He would remain there until 2016 when he was called off the bench to head up the Minneapolis Fed. That really got our attention. From a cabin in the woods to an extremely high level position in one of the most corrupt enterprises man has ever known after spending more than a half dozen years in exile? We should be so lucky.
Unfortunately, that’s not where the saga ends. Lately Neel Kashkari has been going around the talk show circuit saying that the only way to save the USEconomy is by doing essentially a full lock down on the US. Again, we’ll post some link to videos. We think Kashkari’s words carry a bit more weight just because of his pedigree and prior experience in sticking it to the taxpayers of this crumbling nation. How does a lock down save the economy?
We have a theory and we’re going to lay it out. The graphic below shows the rather alarming – and rapid – departure from the USDollar from two of the biggest up and coming economic powers out there: Russia and China. There are other countries engaged in similar activity and Andy has spoken on Liberty Talk Radio about these events for several years.
The USDollar’s reserve currency status is gone.It was in serious jeopardy going into this year, but after the blowout federal deficit even the dimmest bulb can see there is no way and certainly no will to ever pay off the national debt. Hyperinflation might be a tactic and we’ll talk about that eventually as well, but countries are bailing. It should be noted that the US is sanctioning EVERY SINGLE ONE of these countries at this moment and urging allies to do the same.
Other tripe and banal reasons are given, but this is clearly a move to protect the Dollar as long as possible. The house of cards is shaking and is about to get blown away like the houses of the first two of the three little pigs.
So why the call for a lock down? We’ll use basic economics to lay out our theory. When global demand for dollars decreases, those dollars need to go somewhere. If countries are using other currencies for international trade, their FOREX reserves will be changed to reflect this. Simply put, they won’t need to keep as many dollars. And why buy USGovt debt? It pays next to nothing – well below even the most cooked levels of price inflation. And there’s the very real possibility of switching to negative yields – especially in the series of shorter maturities.
These unneeded, unwanted dollars are starting to come home. Add to that all the funny money that has been created by the not-so-USFed to ‘buy everything’ in sight to keep financial markets stable. There are no reserve requirements, so the banking level can create massive inflation from making new loans. This is why the NASDAQ and S&P500 are at record highs. The repatriated dollars are being poured into financial markets and blowing up all manner of bubbles.
What is also happening is that consumer price levels are starting to rise at frightening levels. The change from May to June was .5654%, and the change from June to July was .5867%. These are annualized rates of around 7%. The central bank’s ‘comfort zone’ ends around 2.5% annualized.
Kashkari’s argument for a lock down now makes perfect sense. If America goes back to lock down, we’ll see consumer prices drop from lack of demand as was seen in March, April, and May. A lock down would hide the effects of all this funny money flowing back into the US.
Let’s fold into the mix our paper on Modern Monetary Theory from last summer. The first premise is that a central bank/government that acts as its own bank cannot go broke. It can print until the lights go out in Tennessee. BUT.. when consumer prices start to go up, the next step is raise taxes to pull money from the system. There have been quite a few articles talking about higher taxes. With real unemployment and underemployment where they are, does anyone think a tax increase would fly?
A lock down might not fly either, but any decrease in aggregate demand that Kashkari is able to squeeze from his bully pulpit is going to ‘help’ the situation. Note – it’s not going to help the average person. This is a move to protect a broken currency regime, the institution that brought it to fruition, and the total corruption of fiat currencies in general.
Keep in mind that the partial lockdowns from March through June caused a 33% contraction in GDP according to the USGovt. Our model showed a 43% contraction. Given that we use a totally different methodology, the difference isn’t surprising. Since the USGovt’s GDP model uses the purchase of finished goods rather than intermediate goods, we can say that aggregate demand fell by about a third in the second quarter. You can see in the chart above the impact that had on consumer prices. Kashkari and his ilk are looking for more of the same.
Another such drop in prices would enable them to repatriate even more dollars without it become too noticeable in the real economy. We might get Dow 30K, NASDAQ 14K and S&P500 4K, but that is the ‘good’ kind of price inflation. If consumer goods went up in proportionate amounts, there would be even more rioting than there is at present.
Why not just destroy the unused currency? Most of it is digital anyway. That’s the most common question we are expecting. It is very important to understand that true deflation doesn’t occur unless money is actually destroyed. Falling prices do not mean deflation. You can create a little deflation on your own if you pull all the ‘money’ from your bank account in cash, then set it on fire. Why would I do that, I can still use it!!! And that’s the answer. The repatriated dollars aren’t going to be destroyed because they can still be used. Not by Mr. and Mrs. Joe Average, but by the banking system.
The next step in this decoupling process is for major trading partners to start requiring the US to settle transactions in some other currency or possibly even gold. Make no mistake, that is why this campaign of sanctions and threats of military action are in place against countries like Venezuela and Syria. When in doubt, follow the money. Forget the terrorism for a minute and follow the money. Nicholas Maduro and Bashar al-Assad are a clear and present danger to dollar hegemony because they’re stepping out of the dollar for international trade. Andy analyzed the situation in Syria almost 7 years ago and accurately predicted that Russia would not leave Syria hang out to dry. And even more importantly, WHY they wouldn’t leave Syria – and why they have yet to do so.
On a day the S&P500 recouped ALL of its losses due to a global pandemic that the experts are telling us is going to only get worse, we can look at the above mechanism and understand exactly how all those gains took place. It is perhaps ironic that over the past few month the USDollar has struggled mightily – even against other fiat currencies backed by nothing but the never-ending stream of hot air from bankers the likes of Neel Kashkari.
Graham Mehl is a pseudonym. He is astonishingly bright, having received an MBA with highest honors from the Wharton Business School at the University of Pennsylvania. He has also worked as a policy analyst for several hedge funds and has consulted for several central banks. Among his research interests are finding more reliable measurements of economic activity than those currently available to the investing public using econometric modeling and collaborating on the development of economic educational tools.
Andy Sutton is a research and freelance Economist. He received international honors for his work in economics at the graduate level and currently teaches high school business. Among his current research work is identifying the line in the sand where economies crumble due to extraneous debt through the use of econometric modeling with constant reflection of economic history. His focus is also educating young people about the science of Economics using an evidence-based approach
Andy’s Notes: During 2010, the US Consumer paid down a significant amount of debt. It scared the moneychangers quite magnificently. In an fractional reserve, fiat monetary system, ‘growth’ comes at least in part by inflation of the money supply and the subsequent effect on prices. One of the biggest ways monetary inflation occurs is when money is placed on deposit at a bank and nearly all of that money is then lent out by the bank – at interest. Every loan increases the money supply. When loans stop?
The summer data will be very interesting to say the least. Keep in mind that this paydown happened with the federal government handing out cash – again. It could very well be that in 2020, much like 2007, the ‘stimulus’ money went to help repair balance sheets rather than to accumulate more stuff.
This is something we have been talking about what seems like forever. The move away from the dollar. It was always a matter of when rather than if and unfortunately we’ve reached the point now where the majority of transactions between these two growing economic powers is done away from the $USDollar. This has many, MANY implications for all Americans and anyone else who uses the $USD as their primary means of storing wealth.
This move also explains the embracing of Knapp’s modern monetary theory that was soft-introduced back in 2018. We wrote an extensive paper on MMT and we’re posting this again below for anyone who hasn’t read it. We will be releasing another commissioned paper by Labor Day. We’ll also be re-posting relevant articles that were written between 2006 and the present on precious metals, the dollar standard, bail-ins, and general relevant macroeconomic articles as well.
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Investors don’t normally think of themselves as lenders – banks do the lending right? Not always. If you have any kind of bonds or mutual funds, closed-end funds or ETFs that own bonds, you are a lender. Not in the direct sense. You don’t have a contract with the borrower to be repaid, for example – unless you own a government or corporate bond directly.
During the 2008 financial crisis, the word default was a household term. People were defaulting on mortgages, companies were defaulting on their bonds, some companies, like Lehman Brothers, couldn’t get a loan because they were viewed as a high default risk.
There are a couple of points to remember. The first is that return needs to be commensurate with the risk involved. Oftentimes the market might indicate which instruments are perceived as more ‘risky’ – they’ll have higher yields than other comparably rated instruments. Debt is nearly always rated. There are various ratings agencies. Standard & Poors, Moody’s, and Fitch are three of the major agencies. They all have a different nomenclature for their grading, but it’s the same as your report card.
A is the best, B second-best, and so forth. You should see yields increase as you look at lower-rated bonds. There is a fairly significant misconception right now. People seem to think that because the government and/or fed are bailing everything out that there is no longer any default risk. Again, this is not simply an American circumstance, this is more global. So simply shifting bond purchases to overseas companies won’t necessarily help.
The big advantage of holding a bond over a stock is that 1) you’re going to get some type of interest even if it is small. Companies may or may not pay a dividend on their common stock. Generally the preferred shares, which are hybrids and have characteristics of both stocks and bonds also have interest. The second big advantage to owning debt is that you’re a creditor of the company. If there IS a bankruptcy, the bondholders and other creditors are first in line for any distribution of the company’s assets. Stocks are considered equity.
Keep in mind that a default and a bankruptcy are two different events. A default is when the borrow stops paying on a particular loan or multiple loans. While a default is an alarming development, it doesn’t necessarily equal a bankruptcy in which the company either is permitted to re-organize or goes out of business altogether. So if you own bonds from a particular company and that company goes bust, you might get some of your capital back, but almost certainly not all of it. If you’re a shareholder in a company and the company goes broke, it is extremely unlikely to have any return of capital.
When considering the risk of default it is always good to look at a company’s balance sheet and several years worth of income statements at a bare minimum. A SWOT analysis is also helpful. What sorts of events might result in your company not having money to make good on its debts? What is going on right now is certainly going to cause problems. What other types of events could hurt your company? We would encourage people to stay away from the assumption that industries and companies will always be bailed out by governments. After all, investors and creditors in Lehman Brothers, didn’t think the USGovt would leave the company twisting in the wind.
There are some very important lessons to be learned by studying economic and financial history with the goal being to learn from the mistakes of others rather than having to endure the pain of defaults in your own portfolio.
Since interest rates have been the topic of much conversation and debate recently, we thought we’d start here. What exactly is interest rate risk?
Let’s say you have a portfolio of securities and you bought the entire portfolio back in 2004 when interest rates were comparatively much higher than they are now. Your intent in 2004 was to subsidize other sources of income during retirement. Or perhaps you were younger at the time and wanted a ‘base’ to your portfolio that would throw off cash streams that could be used to purchase other securities. Essentially planning on reinvesting the interest rather than removing it from the portfolio.
You’ve had some very good news since then in that as rates go lower, the prices of already purchased assets go higher since rates and price are inversely proportional. If you had a fistful of bonds in 2004, there has been a decent amount of capital appreciation. And your yield on those bonds is still the same as it was in 2004 – if the bonds haven’t matured and rolled over into new ones. You’d have had to be in the 20-30 year range on bonds if your 2004 bonds haven’t matured for obvious reasons.
But what about your reinvestment strategy? It’s been put through the meat grinder. Compared to 2004, you’re going to pay more for assets that yield MUCH less. You can avoid paying more by purchasing new issues at or near par, but you can’t avoid the massive destruction of your interest cash streams. If you’re re-investing, maybe you can shuffle a bit and if your time horizon is long enough, this might well pass – rates have nowhere to go but up.
What if you’re using those interest payments to subsidize your fixed income from SocSec during retirement though? You need the yield. Your advisor tells you the only way to get the yield is to buy ‘high yield’ CEFs, ETFs, bonds, private equity funds, etc. What your advisor might not be telling you is that you’re going to be stuck buying securities that are maybe a step or two above a rating of ‘junk’. Your risk just went through the roof to attain the same yield as previously. This happens to many investorsand they don’t even realize it because their advisors and brokers are derelict in their ethical responsibilities towards their clients. Fortunately all investment professionals don’t fall into this category.
Asking your current financial professional about risk is a good way to gauge how sincerely they are approaching the stewardship of your assets. Financial professionals are required by law to ask you questions about risk tolerance when they take you on as a client and then periodically after that. A diligent approach is to perform a yearly check up and make sure the client knows to let their financial professional know if there are any major changes in their lives between check-ups. The professional can then determine if re-structuring the mix of assets is necessary.
You should be asking about risk in general regardless of your age or portfolio design and making sure the recommendations you are given are in line with your risk tolerances.
The darker side to investing in low-rated investment grade assets involves what is known as default risk. We’ll take a look at default risk tomorrow.
Dear Readers, Andy was on Liberty Talk Radio again with Joe Cristiano to discuss the 2020 economic stimulus package recently passed by Congress. We’ve reached a critical inflection point as a country – we now ‘need’ these stimulus programs / bailouts to continue to function in our current monetary and economic system. During the crisis of 2008, there was a chance to change course. With the passing of 12 subsequent years, so has the chance to sufficiently alter course. We’re locked into the petrodollar system until the next currency model emerges.
For convenience and at the request of several readers, we’re adding the audio from the discussion in mp3 format. You may listen below or download it by right-clicking the link. More updates to follow.
